Aircraft Components

Wing Of airplane

The wing of aircraft

An aircraft provide the lift needed to fly. Lift is created by the flow of air around the front of the wing. The key lies in the shape of the wing a curved on top and flat on the bottom. This means that the air flow across the top is different from the bottom of the wing. When the air hits the top of the wing, Because is pushed to the arch shape on the top of the wing causes a low pressure area is created. The difference in pressure top and bottom to create the lift force on the wing.

Jet engines 

To move forward through the air aircraft using thrust produced by the engine. Almost all commercial aircraft use jet engines commonly called turbofans. Turbofans is one of a family of engines called gas turbine engines. Cold air inserted in the front of the blades using a large (usually more than 3 meters in diameter). The air is put into the machine and pressed outward by generating thrust. 

Air flow through the corners on a machine which is called compressor.Compressor compressing air and flows into the combustion chamber by raising the pressure in the combustion chamber first.On first, air is mixed with fuel and then burned causing the controlled.Hot burst that occurs in the combustion chamber led to a rapid thermal expansion and exit to the rear of the machine. When out of the combustion chamber hot air passes through a turbine. Turbine connected to the compressor would be able to work rotating cold air entering at the front, so that the process can be repeated continuously.

Controllers Of Airplane

By the time the pilot must fly to change the shape of the wing so that the aircraft can be controlled. To do this he uses the moveable wing called control surfaces. It will change the air moving passing on the surface of the wing and also change the direction of flight. 

For moving down or up, the pilot lever moving panels on the tail called elevators. If the pilot pulls the lever behind the panel on the front of the elevator will rise and cause the air flow to suppress the tail of the plane ride. If the pilot pulls the lever forward, the panel on the front of the elevator will come down and cause the air flow to the tail pressing down so the plane will go down. To move the plane to plane tilted with respect to the earth's surface, the pilot moving panels on the ends of the wings called ailerons. For the pilot lever to the left will move to the top left side of the ailerons will cause down the left wing. At the same time, the ailerons to move down the right wing causing the wing to the right to the top. The combination of the two forces cause plane field tilted against the surface of the earth. Similarly, for the case of the pilot pulls the lever to the right will moving plane tilted to the right towards the earth's surface. 

When turning, the pilot also uses the vertical stabilizer on the tail airplane.when turn left, move to left.section tail stabilizer is shaped like a wing to the plane lies in a vertical plane, which can be moved to the right and to left.So can help deflection plane to the right and to the left. 

When taking off, the surface area of ​​the wing flaps over make larger and more curved, giving more lift on the wing.

Aircraft stability 

Stability aircraft or model is the ability to return to a specific position in a flight (after a disruption or abnormal condition). Aircraft or models can be unstable under certain circumstances and not due to other conditions. For example, an aircraft can fly stable in normal circumstances (STRAIGHT and LEVEL) but becomes unstable in an inverted flight position (INVERTED FLIGHT), and vice versa. Often a confusion between stability with balance (BALANCE) or Trim. Testing is done in order to balance and trim the aircraft can reach a stable condition closely related to the safety factor. 

For a aero modeller, however with caution level is very high and good at making a model, which has completed the final result should always be retested level of precision and accuracy, and means testing Balance and Alignment carried out before the model flown. This should apply to all types, especially free-flying models (Free Flight Model - Classes F1). 

Balance is the most important thing, and should be examined first. For models that have been published or models that have been sold in kit form, the balance point is usually marked by the CG (Centre of Gravity). 

The easiest way and the general balance is performed to test with a mark on the bottom of both ends of the wings are aligned with emphasis also on the front and rear of the fuselage, then lift the aircraft at these points with the fingertips. If the balance of the model are the horizontal position, meaning correct balance point. What if it is not, it must be added the burden or popular with Ballast on the front (Nose) or tail (Tail) of a model. 

It has good accuracy for various purposes, particularly for models that have caractersitic minor differences in balance and not be a critical mass and has a stability condition that can be set (Trim). For models that have a larger size and needs of the high balance, it can not be applied. Keep in mind also that a balance must be performed to test the model in a state of complete (all parts installed) and ready to fly, even though the fuel is not included in the model were calculated using the machine. At least this situation meet the requirements and provide a complete picture of the balance. 

Generally, models that have been made, the position of the wings (WING) and horizontal stabilizer (highlighter / ELEVATOR) must be checked. Currently most of the modeller uses the view (sighting by EYE) to determine whether the position of the wing and highlighter forming angles with the air frame (fuselage), it is recommended to use the actual equipment that precision in determining the position. 

For example it can be used a pin and thread. The needle is placed in the front (NOSE) and rear (TAIL). Then the thread is pulled from the front to the end pin (TIP) right and left highlighter. For the wings, pulled threads of the pin back to the wingtips (WING TIP) left and right. 

Looking at the rear of the aircraft is also one effective way to test the whole process .For correcting errors in position when the wings, body and tail are not true, then the first time looking for the wrong done. In reality what happens when a small error on the wings against the body then the easiest thing is to adjust the position of a highlighter. 

Testing is done in order to fly and trim a model can fly smoothly and safely. Good adjustment of all components of the aircraft in use to achieve the best results from the performance of aircraft models, especially models that are designed for high achievers. It requires special attention, a good experience and know-how of the model created.

Aerodynamics

In principle, when the aircraft was airborne, there are 4 main force acting on the aircraft, the thrust (thrust T), drag (drag D), lift (L), and the weight of the aircraft (weight W). When the aircraft was browsing (cruise) at a constant speed and altitude, 4th force are in equilibrium: T = D and L = W. While the aircraft during take off and landing, acceleration and deceleration that occurs can be explained using the Law II Newton (total force is equal to mass multiplied by acceleration). 

At the time of take off, the plane accelerated in the horizontal and vertical directions. At this time, L must be greater than W, so T is greater than D. Thus a large engine power required during take off. Failed to take off due to lack of engine power (due to many things: mechanical damage, human error, external disturbances, etc.), or interference with aircraft control systems.